Bakgrunn
Alexander Dunlap har en PhD i sosialantropologi fra Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam i Nederland.
Les mer på de engelske personsidene.
Emneord:
politisk økologi,
kritiske agrarstudier,
markedsbasert naturvern,
grønn økonomi,
naturressurser,
fornybar vindenergiutvikling,
sosiale bevegelser
Publikasjoner
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Dunlap, Alexander Antony & Eduardo Fernández Valencia, Carlo
(2022).
“No a la contaMINAción”. Contrainsurgencia en el proyecto minero de cobre Tía María (Perú) .
Encrucijadas.
ISSN 2174-6753.
22(1),
s. 1–43.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
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Verweijen, Judith & Dunlap, Alexander
(2021).
The evolving techniques of the social engineering of extraction: Introducing political (re)actions ‘from above’ in large-scale mining and energy project.
Political Geography.
ISSN 0962-6298.
s. 1–9.
doi:
10.1016/j.polgeo.2021.102342.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2020).
The direction of ecological insurrections: political ecology comes to daggers with Fukuoka.
Journal of political ecology.
ISSN 1073-0451.
27(1),
s. 988–1014.
doi:
10.2458/v27i1.23751.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2020).
The Politics of Ecocide, Genocide and Megaprojects: Interrogating Natural Resource Extraction, Identity and the Normalization of Erasure.
Journal of Genocide Research.
ISSN 1462-3528.
s. 1–24.
doi:
10.1080/14623528.2020.1754051.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
At the root of techno-capitalist development – popularly marketed as “modernity,” “progress” or “development” – is the continuous and systematic processes of natural resource extraction. Reviewing wind energy development in Mexico, coal mining in Germany and copper mining in Peru, this article seeks to strengthen the post-liberal or structural approach in genocide studies. These geographically and culturally diverse case studies set the stage for discussions about the complications of conflictual fault lines around extractive development. The central argument is that “green” and conventional natural resource extraction are significant in degrading human and biological diversity, thereby contributing to larger trends of socio-ecological destruction, extinction and the potential for human and nonhuman extermination. It should be acknowledged in the above-mentioned case studies, land control was largely executed through force, notably through “hard” coercive technologies executed by various state and extra-judicial elements, which was complemented by employing diplomatic and “soft” social technologies of pacification. Natural resource extraction is a significant contributor to the genocide-ecocide nexus, leading to three relevant discussion points. First, the need to include nonhuman natures, as well as indigenous ontologies and epistemologies, into genocide studies to dispel an embedded anthropocentrism in the discipline. Second, acknowledges the complications of essentializing identity and the specific socio-cultural values and dispositions that are the targets of techno-capitalist development. Third, that socio-political positionality is essential to how people will relate and identify ecocidal and genocidal processes. Different ontologies, socio-ecological relationships (linked to “the Other”), and radical anti-capitalism are the root targets of techno-capitalist progress, as they seek assimilation and absorption of human and nonhuman “natural resources” into extractive economies. Genocide studies and political ecology – Anthropology, Human Geography and Development Studies – would benefit from greater engagement with each other to highlight the centrality of extractive development in sustaining ecological and climate catastrophe confronting the world today.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2020).
Bureaucratic land grabbing for infrastructural colonization: renewable energy, L’Amassada, and resistance in southern France .
Human Geography.
ISSN 1942-7786.
13(2),
s. 109–126.
doi:
10.1177/1942778620918041.
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Governments and corporations exclaim that “energy transition” to “renewable energy” is going to mitigate ecological catastrophe. French President Emmanuel Macron makes such declarations, but what is the reality of energy infrastructure development? Examining the development of a distributional energy transformer substation in the village of Saint-Victor-et-Melvieu, this article argues that “green” infrastructures are creating conflict and ecological degradation and are the material expression of climate catastrophe. Since 1999, the Aveyron region of southern France has become a desirable area of the so-called renewable energy development, triggering a proliferation of energy infrastructure, including a new transformer substation in St. Victor. Corresponding with this spread of “green” infrastructure has been a 10-year resistance campaign against the transformer. In December 2014, the campaign extended to building a protest site, and ZAD, in the place of the transformer called L’Amassada. Drawing on critical agrarian studies, political ecology, and human geography literatures, the article discusses the arrival process of the transformer, corrupt political behavior, misinformation, and the process of bureaucratic land grabbing. This also documents repression against L’Amassada and their relationship with the Gilets Jaunes “societies in movement.” Finally, the notion of infrastructural colonization is elaborated, demonstrating its relevance to understanding the onslaught of climate and ecological crisis.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2019).
Wind, coal, and copper: the politics of land grabbing, counterinsurgency, and the social engineering of extraction.
Globalizations.
ISSN 1474-7731.
s. 1–22.
doi:
10.1080/14747731.2019.1682789.
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The multiplicity of violent techniques employed to impose land control and extraction remains under acknowledged. This article reviews research conducted between the years 2014 and 2018 and draws on three case studies: wind energy development in Mexico, coal mining in Germany, and copper mining in Peru. The idea of 'engineering extraction' is advanced through counterinsurgency to acknowledge the extent of extractive violence, arguing that the term ‘land grabbing’ is indeed a more appropriate term than ‘land deals’. Engaging with the land grabbing literature, the three cases seek to advance discussions around ‘the political reactions “from below”’ by emphasizing ‘insurrectionary’ positions with resistance movements fighting land deals and extractive projects. This is followed by offering a typology of ‘hard’ coercive techniques and ‘soft’ technologies of social pacification that surfaced in each case. The conclusion reflects on the social technologies of resource extraction, recognizing how social discord, ecological and climate crises are engineered and enforced.
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Siamanta, Christina & Dunlap, Alexander
(2019).
‘Accumulation by Wind Energy’: Wind energy Development as a Capitalist Trojan Horse in Crete,Greece and Oaxaca, Mexico.
ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies.
ISSN 1492-9732.
18(4),
s. 925–955.
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Wind parks are widely propagated as ‘a solution’ or in many ways as ‘a gift’ to mitigate climate change and instigate economic growth, which should be ‘rolled inside community gates’ through new legislation enabling investments. This paper dissects two experiences of wind energy development in Crete, Greece and Oaxaca, Mexico, exploring key commonalities and differences. It demonstrates that land/green grabbing, but more specifically ‘accumulation by wind energy’, is taking place in both regions. The specific processes and outcomes of ‘accumulation by wind energy’ differ according to the socio-political and ecological context of each case. There are, however, various similarities in logics, methods and strategies facilitating accumulation by wind energy that reveal defining features and similar outcomes. Wind energy development in Crete and Oaxaca is continuing the existing trajectory of energy extraction companies, resulting in an intensification of existing income-inequality, ecological degradation and social conflict, whilst spreading coercive cultural change. Based on these cases and critical (wind park) literature, we argue, that in actuality wind energy development represents a ‘Trojan horse’ for capitalism’s ongoing growth intensifying socio-ecological crisis through ‘accumulation by wind energy’. Wind parks serve as ‘Trojan horses’ for, amongst others, corporate land grabbing and temporarily mediating capitalism’s key contradictions.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2019).
‘Agro si, mina NO!’ the Tia Maria copper mine, state terrorism and social war by every means in the Tambo Valley, Peru.
Political Geography.
ISSN 0962-6298.
71,
s. 10–25.
doi:
10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.02.001.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
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The Tía Maria copper mine situated above the agricultural Tambo Valley, southwest Peru, has sparked nearly ten years of protracted conflict. This conflict began in 2009, yet Southern Copper Peru or Southern, a subsidiary of Grupo Mexico, has faced ardent resistance. This article explores the ‘political reactions from above’, examining how Southern and the Peruvian government have negotiated the popular rejection of the mine. Residents have organized a popular consultation, large-scale demonstrations, road blockades and general strikes, which has been met with violent repression. Reviewing the political ecology of counterinsurgency, which studies the socio-ecological warfare techniques employed to control human and natural resources, and relating it to social war discourse, this section lays the theoretical foundations to discuss the coercion and ‘social war component’ present in natural resource extraction. This leads to an overview of the relationship between Peruvian security forces and extraction industries, followed by a brief chronology of the Tía Maria conflict. The subsequent two sections offer a political ecology analysis of various ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ counterinsurgency techniques employed by the Peruvian state and Southern in an attempt to pacify social unrest and socially engineer acceptance of the project. The concluding section discusses the ‘whole-of-government’ counterinsurgency approach employed, recognizing how the present institutional arrangements and business imperatives are designed to override popular socio-ecological concerns. Supporting social war discourse, the article contends that the state apparatus and politics itself serve as an instrument of social pacification and ecological exploitation regardless of widespread ecological and climatic concerns.
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Brock, Andrea & Dunlap, Alexander
(2018).
Normalising Corporate Counterinsurgency: engineering consent, managing resistance and greening destruction around the Hambach coal mine and beyond .
Political Geography.
ISSN 0962-6298.
62(1),
s. 33–47.
doi:
10.1016/j.polgeo.2017.09.018.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2018).
The ‘solution’is now the ‘problem:’wind energy, colonisation and the ‘genocide-ecocide nexus’ in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca.
International Journal of Human Rights.
ISSN 1364-2987.
22(4),
s. 550–573.
doi:
10.1080/13642987.2017.1397633.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2018).
Insurrection for Land, Sea and Dignity: Resistance and Autonomy against Wind Energy in Álvaro Obregón, Mexico .
Journal of political ecology.
ISSN 1073-0451.
25(1),
s. 120–143.
doi:
10.2458/v25i1.22863.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2018).
“A Bureaucratic Trap:” Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and Wind Energy Development in Juchitán, Mexico.
Capitalism Nature Socialism.
ISSN 1045-5752.
29(4),
s. 88–108.
doi:
10.1080/10455752.2017.1334219.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2017).
Wind Energy: Toward a “Sustainable Violence” in Oaxaca, Mexico. .
NACLA REPORT ON THE AMERICAS.
ISSN 1071-4839.
49,
s. 483–488.
doi:
10.1080/10714839.2017.1409378.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2017).
'The town is surrounded:' From Climate Concerns to Life under Wind Turbines in La Ventosa, Mexico .
Human Geography.
ISSN 1942-7786.
10(1),
s. 16–36.
doi:
10.1177/194277861701000202.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2015).
The Expanding Techniques of Progress: Agricultural Biotechnology and UN-REDD+.
Review of social economy.
ISSN 0034-6764.
73(1),
s. 89–112.
doi:
10.1080/00346764.2014.988053.
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Dunlap, Alexander & Fairhead, James
(2014).
The Militarisation and Marketisation of Nature: An Alternative Lens to ‘Climate-Conflict’.
Geopolitics.
ISSN 1465-0045.
19(4),
s. 937–961.
doi:
10.1080/14650045.2014.964864.
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Dunlap, Alexander Antony & Brock, Andrea
(2022).
Enforcing Ecocide: Power, Policing & Planetary Militarization .
Palgrave Macmillan.
ISBN 978-3-030-99645-1.
342 s.
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Dunlap, Alexander & Jakobsen, Jostein
(2020).
The Violent Technologies of Extraction: Political Ecology, Critical Agrarian Studies and The Capitalist Worldeater.
Palgrave Pivot.
ISBN 978-3-030-26851-0.
171 s.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2019).
Renewing Destruction: Wind Energy, Conflict and Resistance in a Latin American Context.
Rowman & Littlefield International.
ISBN 978-1-7866-1066-9.
214 s.
Vis sammendrag
Renewing Destruction examines how wind energy projects impact people and their environments. Wind energy development, in Mexico and most countries, fall into a ‘roll out’ neoliberal strategy that is justified by climate change mitigation programs that are continuing a process of land and wind resources grabbing for profit. The result has been an exaggeration of pre-existing problems in communities around land, income-inequality, local politics and, contrary to public relations stories, is devastating traditional livelihoods and socio-ecological relationships. Exacerbating pre-existing social and material problems in surrounding towns, wind energy development is placing greater stress on semi-subsistence communities, marginalizing Indigenous traditions and indirectly resulting in the displacement and migration of people into urban centers.
Based on intensive fieldwork with local groups in Oaxaca Mexico in 2015, the book provides an in-depth study, demonstrating the complications and problems that emerge with the current regime of ‘sustainable development’ and wind energy projects in Mexico, which has wider lessons to be drawn for other regions and countries. Put simply, the book reveals a tragic reality that calls into question the marketed hopes of the green economy and the current method of climate change mitigation. It shows the variegated impacts and issues associated with building wind energy parks, which extends to recognizing the destructive effects on Indigenous cultures and practices in the region. The book, however, highlights what to consider or, more importantly, what to avoid if one is working with industrial-scale wind energy systems.
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Kallianos, Yannis; Dunlap, Alexander Antony & Dalakoglou, Dimitris
(2022).
Introducing infrastructural harm: rethinking moral entanglements, spatio-temporal dynamics, and resistance(s).
Globalizations.
ISSN 1474-7731.
doi:
10.1080/14747731.2022.2153493.
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Dunlap, Alexander Antony
(2022).
The Self-Reinforcing Cycle of Ecological Degradation and Repression: Revealing the Ecological Cost of Policing and Militarization.
I Dunlap, Alexander Antony & Brock, Andrea (Red.),
Enforcing Ecocide: Power, Policing & Planetary Militarization .
Palgrave Macmillan.
ISSN 978-3-030-99645-1.
s. 153–176.
doi:
https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99646-8_6.
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Dunlap, Alexander Antony
(2022).
Interrogating Ecocide: Welcome to the Political Economy of Existences .
Human Geography.
ISSN 1942-7786.
s. 1–4.
doi:
10.1177/19427786221090169.
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Dunlap, Alexander Antony
(2021).
Does Renewable Energy Exist? Fossil Fuel+ Technologies and the Search for Renewable Energy
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I Batel, Susana & Rudolph, David (Red.),
A critical approach to the social acceptance of renewable energy infrastructures: Going beyond green growth and sustainability.
Palgrave Macmillan.
ISSN 978-3-030-73698-9.
s. 83–102.
doi:
https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73699-6_5.
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Dunlap, Alexander Antony
(2021).
Review: A Case for Degrowth.
Interface: an international journal for and about social movements.
13(1),
s. 398–402.
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Dunlap, Alexander Antony & Correa-Arce, Martin
(2021).
Pacifying autonomous land defenders in Oaxaca, Mexico: Human rights groups as social warfare mechanisms.
I Menton, Mary & Le Billon, Philippe (Red.),
Environmental Defenders: Deadly Struggles for Life and Territory.
Routledge.
ISSN 978-0-367-64964-7.
s. 180–197.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2021).
Toward an Anarchist Decolonization: A Few Notes.
Capitalism Nature Socialism.
ISSN 1045-5752.
34(2),
s. 62–72.
doi:
10.1080/10455752.2021.1879186.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2020).
Review of Bram Büscher and Robert Fletcher. 2020. The Conservation Revolution.
Journal of political ecology.
ISSN 1073-0451.
27(1),
s. 1–4.
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Dunlap, Alexander & Jakobsen, Jostein
(2020).
Unraveling the Lies of His-story with James Scott and Peter Gelderloos.
Capitalism Nature Socialism.
ISSN 1045-5752.
doi:
10.1080/10455752.2020.1735029.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2019).
Revisiting the wind energy conflict in Gui'Xhi' Ro / Álvaro Obregón: interview with an indigenous anarchist.
Journal of political ecology.
ISSN 1073-0451.
26(1),
s. 150–166.
doi:
10.2458/V26I1.23243.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2018).
Review of Los Zetas Inc.: Criminal Corporations, Energy, and Civil War in Mexico.
NACLA REPORT ON THE AMERICAS.
ISSN 1071-4839.
50(1),
s. 106–108.
doi:
10.1080/10714839.2018.1448608.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2016).
Green Transformations or Rebranding Dystopia?
Capitalism Nature Socialism.
ISSN 1045-5752.
27(2),
s. 141–143.
doi:
10.1080/10455752.2016.1178946.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2012).
Review: The Propaganda Society: Promotional Culture and Politics in Global Context.
Journal of Economic Issues.
ISSN 0021-3624.
46(4),
s. 1090–1092.
doi:
10.2753/JEI0021-3624460412.
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Dunlap, Alexander
(2012).
Review: The Myth of Development: The Non-Viable Economies of the 21st Century.
Journal of Economic Issues.
ISSN 0021-3624.
46(1),
s. 247–249.
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Publisert
14. mai 2019 14:37
- Sist endret
11. sep. 2019 10:47