Jason Miklian

• Miklian, Jason & Bickel, Juan Pablo Medina (2018). Theorizing Business and Local Peacebuilding Through the “Footprints of Peace” Coffee Project in Rural Colombia. Business & society.  ISSN 0007-6503. . doi: 10.1177/0007650317749441 Vis sammendrag

  Despite emerging study of business initiatives that attempt to support local peace and development, we still have significant knowledge gaps on their effectiveness and efficiency. This article builds theory on business engagements for peace through exploration of the Footprints for Peace (FOP) peacebuilding project by the Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia (FNC). FOP was a business-peace initiative that attempted to improve the lives of vulnerable populations in conflict-affected regions. Through 70 stakeholder interviews, we show how FOP operationalized local peace and development in four conflict-affected departments of Colombia, and examine FNC’s motivations for and effectiveness of its peacebuilding activities. Our main finding is that FOP’s success supported several existing theories on business engagement in peace both in terms of peacebuilding by business and for local economic and societal development, providing evidence in support of development–business collaborations and local peacebuilding by business under certain targeted circumstances. We relate these findings to existing literature, highlighting where existing business-peace theory is supported, where FOP challenged assumptions, and where it illuminated new research gaps. These findings serve to take business-peace theory forward and improve our understandings of what can constitute success for business-peace initiatives in Colombia and possibly other conflict-affected regions.

• Miklian, Jason & Medina Bickel, Juan Pablo (2018). Business, Development Aid and Local Peacebuilding: A Study of The'Footprints of Peace'Coffee Project in Rural Colombia. Business & society.  ISSN 0007-6503.
• Schouten, Peer & Miklian, Jason (2018). The business–peace nexus: 'business for peace' and the reconfiguration of the public/private divide in global governance. Journal of International Relations and Development.  ISSN 1408-6980. . doi: 10.1057/s41268-018-0144-2
• Hoelscher, Kristian; Miklian, Jason & Nygård, Håvard Mokleiv (2017). Conflict, Peacekeeping, and Humanitarian Security: Understanding Violent Attacks Against Aid Workers. International Peacekeeping.  ISSN 1353-3312.  24(4), s 538- 565 . doi: 10.1080/13533312.2017.1321958
• Miklian, Jason (2017). The Dark Side of New Business: Local Development and Ethnic Cleansing in Myanmar. Harvard International Review.  ISSN 0739-1854.  38(4), s 66- 72 Vis sammendrag

  How international economic development in Myanmar helped accelerate one of the most vicious ethnic cleansing campaigns of the past 50 years.

• Miklian, Jason & Hoelscher, Kristian (2017). A new research approach for Peace Innovation. Innovation and Development.  ISSN 2157-930X.  8(2), s 189- 207 . doi: 10.1080/2157930X.2017.1349580 Vis sammendrag

  How can we foster more socially responsible pro-peace innovations that also have deeper impact? In arguing that incorporating contextual, area-specific and conflict-sensitive guidance enhances the quality and depth of innovation, this article calls for a new research approach on Peace Innovation (PI). This approach could help overcome four existing challenges: expanding the scholar–entrepreneur–policy triad of PI; prioritizing ethical, culturally sensitive engagement; designing innovation to more clearly deliver positive impacts in conflict environments; and glocalizing the PI playing field. We then explore five thematic areas where PI can be impactful: forecasting political economies of conflict; business and virtual peacebuilding; climate and environmentalism; migration and identity; and urbanization. Finally, we discuss how to operationalize such partnerships, moving the theoretical discussion on PI forward for both the peacebuilding and innovation communities. Pushing research frontiers forward will also help innovators develop better tools that prevent violence and promote peace in crisis and conflict environments.

• Miklian, Jason & Hoelscher, Kristian (2017). Smart Cities, Mobile Technologies and Social Cohesion in India. Indian Journal of Human Development.  ISSN 0973-7030.  11(1), s 1- 16 Vis sammendrag

  India’s cities are projected to grow by 300 million people by 2050, but this demographic transition may exacerbate fragile communal and infrastructural tensions. To address these challenges, the ‘Smart Cities’ agenda attempts to leverage India’s rapid embrace of technology to generate societal positive developmental outcomes in urban areas that emphasize the use of Internet and communications technologies (ICTs). However, local, regional and national government agencies struggle to balance embracing technology with inclusive development that protects civil rights and liberties. While the benefits are often stated, the acceleration of technology use in urban development can also create exclusionary cities, and many technologies that drive India’s modernization have also facilitated riots and violence between communities. This article explores these contradictions, examining scholarship on Smart Cities and ICTs in the context of the 2015–2016 Patel/Patidar agitation in Gujarat. We conclude by offering forward pathways for the Smart Cities and mobile technology agendas that support inclusive urban growth and development in India but are also mindful of civil liberties.

• Miklian, Jason & Upadhyaya, Anjoo (2017). Does international aid help women peacebuilders in Nepal?, In Åshild Kolås (ed.),  Women, Peace and Security in Nepal: From Civil War to Post-Conflict Reconstruction.  Routledge.  ISBN 9781138067349.  Chapter 5.  s 85 - 110
• Oetzel, Jennifer & Miklian, Jason (2017). Multinational enterprises, risk management, and the business and economics of peace. Multinational Business Review.  ISSN 1525-383X.  25(4), s 270- 286 . doi: 10.1108/MBR-09-2017-0064 Vis sammendrag

  Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reconceptualize how managers of multinational enterprises (MNEs) manage risk, particularly in fragile and/or conflict-affected areas of operation. The authors suggest that MNEs consider reducing risk at its source rather than trying to avoid or react to risks as they occur. By incorporating peacebuilding strategies, managers may not only reduce investment risk but also contribute to stability and prosperity in the communities where they operate, and gain a competitive advantage in doing so. Design/methodology/approach The authors show how firms can take a more holistic approach to working in conflict-affected areas. They do so by overlaying conceptualizations of risk with those of peacebuilding and then use case examples to illustrate how such actions work in practice. Findings Using a series of examples, the authors find that MNEs that incorporate peacebuilding frameworks in their risk calculations in complex settings tend to have a better understanding of local environments and how they affect firm operations and profitability. These same MNEs may hold a long-term advantage over international competitors that do not share the same understanding. Originality/value The authors argue that the study of relationships between international businesses and society in conflict-affected or fragile areas of operation is under-developed and tends to focus on negative (risk-aversion) aspects as opposed to positive (value-added) opportunities. This paper offers new ways in which these relationships can be reconceptualized. The authors’ main takeaway is that a peacebuilding approach does not require corporations to be arbitrators of peace at the expense of profit. Rather, it is instead a broader way to conceptualize and weigh risk when working in the world’s most challenging regions. This approach is more likely to be in the long-term interest of both the firm and the local society where the firm operates.

• Gilboa, Eytan; Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen; Miklian, Jason & Robinson, Piers (2016). Moving media and conflict studies beyond the CNN effect. Review of International Studies.  ISSN 0260-2105.  42(4), s 654- 672 . doi: 10.1017/S026021051600005X Vis sammendrag

  After the ‘CNN effect’ concept was coined two decades ago, it quickly became a popular shorthand to understand media-conflict interactions. Although the connection has probably always been more complex than what was captured in the concept, research needs to be updated in order to better understand the multifaceted contemporary environments of both media and conflict. There are growing numbers and types of media sources, and multiple interactions between media and conflict actors, policymakers and engaged publics from the local to the global and back. We argue that understanding the impact of media reporting on conflict requires a new framework that captures the multilevel and hybrid media environments of contemporary conflicts. This study provides a roadmap of how to systematically unpack this environment. It describes and explains how different levels, interactions, and forms of news reporting shape conflicts and peacebuilding in local, national and regional contexts, and how international responses interact with multiple media narratives. With these tools, comprehensive understandings of contemporary local to global media interactions can be incorporated into new research on media and conflict.

• Miklian, Jason & Birkvad, Ida Roland (2016). Religion, poverty and conflict in a garbage slum of Ahmedabad. International Area Studies Review.  ISSN 2233-8659.  19(1), s 60- 75 . doi: 10.1177/2233865916631925 Vis sammendrag

  Ahmedabad is often called an Indian ‘success story’ in terms of economic urbanization, but it is also a city highly segregated along religious and caste lines, and a flashpoint in the 2002 Hindu–Muslim riots that left thousands dead. Most of the Muslim communities relocated after the violence work in a vast informal sector around the city’s landfills and waste management peripheries that are disregarded by local government and endemic with corruption. While many scholars see this as a recipe for violent conflict, we explore the garbage slum community in Chandola to show that a leveling of social stratification and reduction of segregation amongst Hindu and Muslim communities in this slum results in a more congruous inter-group relationship than current literatures on the relationship between poverty, religion and violence might predict. However, their unity has come at the expense of jointly ‘othering’ an even more vulnerable group of newcomers – a Bangladeshi migrant community that is persecuted both by the state as well as by fellow residents. We show that while violence markers are constituted in new ways, challenging some assumptions of how inter-group violence is triggered, the fundamental societal weaknesses that facilitate such tensions remain prevalent despite changing conflict actor allegiances.

• Hoelscher, Kristian & Miklian, Jason (2016). A Blueprint for Pro-Peace Innovation. Harvard International Review.  ISSN 0739-1854.  37(4)
• Miklian, Jason & Schouten, Peer (2016). From Boardrooms to Battlefields: 5 New Ways That Businesses Claim to Build Peace. Harvard International Review.  ISSN 0739-1854.  37(2), s 1- 4
• Miklian, Jason & Rane, Sangeeta (2015). India's Dangerous Digital Curfews. Foreign policy.  ISSN 0015-7228.  2015(12)
• Miklian, Jason (2014). The Past, Present and Future of the 'Liberal Peace'. Strategic Analysis.  ISSN 0970-0161.  38(4), s 493- 507 . doi: 10.1080/09700161.2014.918426
• Miklian, Jason & Hoelscher, Kristian (2014). A Tale of New Cities. Harvard International Review.  ISSN 0739-1854.  36(1), s 13- 18 Vis sammendrag

  ​The global shift from rural to urban living will be the most important demographic transformation of the 21st century, and 300 million people are projected to move into India's already overcrowded cities over the next quarter-century. But the solutions to this challenge may cause more problems than they solve. In this article, we explore the planned city of Lavasa in western India in order to unpack the complex relationships of community, culture, and business as India attempts a peaceful transition from a rural to urban society.​​

• Hoelscher, Kristian & Miklian, Jason (2013). The violence of migration from Bangladesh to India, In Jason Miklian & Åshild Kolås (ed.),  India's Human Security: Lost Debates, Forgotten People, Intractable Challenges.  Routledge.  ISBN 978-0415830683.  chapter 7.
• Kolås, Åshild & Miklian, Jason (2013). Facing the future: Responding to human security in India, In Jason Miklian & Åshild Kolås (ed.),  India's Human Security: Lost Debates, Forgotten People, Intractable Challenges.  Routledge.  ISBN 978-0415830683.  Chapter 14.
• Kolås, Åshild & Miklian, Jason (2013). Introduction, In Jason Miklian & Åshild Kolås (ed.),  India's Human Security: Lost Debates, Forgotten People, Intractable Challenges.  Routledge.  ISBN 978-0415830683.  Chapter 1.
• Miklian, Jason (2013). Hot Rods. Foreign policy.  ISSN 0015-7228.
• Miklian, Jason (2013). Rough Cut. Foreign policy.  ISSN 0015-7228.
• Miklian, Jason & Schouten, Peer (2013). Fluid Markets. Foreign policy.  ISSN 0015-7228.  44(5)
• Miklian, Jason Troy & Carney, Scott (2013). Corruption, Justice and Violence in Democratic India. SAIS Review.  ISSN 0036-0775.  33(1), s 37- 49 . doi: 10.1353/sais.2013.0011 Vis sammendrag

  Institutionalized corruption is pervasive in India. It requires individuals and businesses to negotiate bureaucratic mazes, pay off government servants, and break laws merely to acquire the basic elements of governance. With nearly half of India's economic activity in the informal sector, 'shadow economies' permeate the lives of every citizen. What on the surface looks like a dysfunctional or broken system operates smoothly and beneficially for the politicians, businesses, and connected individuals who use it with ease. For the average Indian citizen, however, access is challenging, and corruption is a visible reminder of the failed promise of democracy. This article broadens the anti-corruption agenda in India by recognizing how corruption carries with it ingrained structural components that cannot be disentangled from the formal sector. In some cases, what is thought of as 'corruption' actually improves operational efficiency for citizens when compared to India's overworked judiciary and extensive bureaucracy. Any serious attempt to 'fix' corruption must also account for the rationalizations of individuals and companies that engage in what are commonly seen as corrupt activities.

• Hoelscher, Kristian; Miklian, Jason & Vadlamannati, Krishna Chaitanya (2012). Hearts and mines: A district-level analysis of the Maoist conflcit in India. International Area Studies Review.  ISSN 2233-8659.  15(2), s 141- 160
• Miklian, Jason (2012). The Political Ecology of War in Maoist India. Politics, Religion & Ideology.  ISSN 2156-7689.  13(4), s 561- 576
• Miklian, Jason & Roecker, Scott (2012). Fire in the Sky. Foreign policy.  ISSN 0015-7228.
• Kolås, Åshild; Miklian, Jason & Liden, Kristoffer (2011). The Perils of ‘Going Local’: Liberal Peace-building Agendas in Nepal. Conflict, Security and Development.  ISSN 1467-8802.  11(3), s 285- 308 . doi: 10.1080/14678802.2011.593809
• Miklian, Jason (2011). I Was a Rare Earths Day Trader. Foreign policy.  ISSN 0015-7228.
• Miklian, Jason (2011). Revolutionary Conflict in Federations: The Indian Case. Conflict, Security and Development.  ISSN 1467-8802.  11(1), s 25- 53 . doi: 10.1080/14678802.2011.552246
• Miklian, Jason; Hoelscher, Kristian & Carney, Scott (2011). Fortress India. Foreign policy.  ISSN 0015-7228.

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• Miklian, Jason & Kolås, Åshild (ed.) (2013). India's Human Security: Lost Debates, Forgotten People, Intractable Challenges. Routledge.  ISBN 978-0415830683.  256 s.

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• Hoelscher, Kristian & Miklian, Jason (2017). Can Innovators be Peacebuilders? A Peace Innovation Action Plan. Global Policy.  ISSN 1758-5880.
• Hoelscher, Kristian; Nygård, Håvard Mokleiv & Miklian, Jason (2017). Information technology can help build peace. This is how.. Washington Post.
• Miklian, Jason (2017). The Future of Business, Peace and Human Rights in the Donald Trump Era. Global Policy.  ISSN 1758-5880.  8(1) Vis sammendrag

  Jason Miklian explains what the election of Donald Trump means for the future of peacebuilding as the world takes an illiberal turn, and how businesses can carve new roles at the frontiers of human rights and peace.

• Miklian, Jason & Banik, Dan (2017). New Business: The Private Sector as a New Global Development Player. Global Policy.  ISSN 1758-5880.
• Miklian, Jason (2016). How Businesses Can Be Effective Local Peacebuilders – Evidence from Colombia. PRIO Policy Brief. 27.
• Miklian, Jason & Hoelscher, Kristian (2016). En beretning om fremtidens byer. Ny Tid.  ISSN 0809-9049.
• Miklian, Jason; Hoelscher, Kristian & Nygård, Håvard Mokleiv (2016). What makes a country dangerous for aid workers?. The Guardian.  ISSN 0261-3077.
• Miklian, Jason & Medina Bickel, Juan Pablo (2016). ¿Cómo pueden las empresas ser constructoras de paz efectivas a nivel local? Evidencia de Colombia. PRIO Policy Brief. 27.
• Miklian, Jason & Sahoo, Niranjan (2016). Supporting a More Inclusive and Responsive Urban India. PRIO Policy Brief. 3.
• Mishra, Atul & Miklian, Jason (2016). The evolving domestic drivers of Indian foreign policy. NOREF. 1.
• Sharma, Devika & Miklian, Jason (2016). India’s global foreign policy engagements – a new paradigm?. NOREF Report. 4.
• Vivekanandan, Jayashree & Miklian, Jason (2016). Bringing the region back in? Deciphering India’s engagement with South Asia. NOREF Report. 3.
• Miklian, Jason & Hoelscher, Kristian (2016). A Blueprint for Pro-Peace Innovation. PRIO Policy Brief. 25.
• Hoelscher, Kristian; Miklian, Jason & Nygård, Håvard Mokleiv (2015). Understanding Attacks on Humanitarian Aid Workers. Conflict Trends. 6.
• Miklian, Jason (2013). Beyond resource wars: scarcity, environmental degradation and international cooperation. Journal of Peace Research.  ISSN 0022-3433.  50(4), s 534- 534
• Miklian, Jason (2013). Exposing and Limiting the Global Trade in Conflict Diamonds.
• Miklian, Jason (2013). How to Look Good in a War: Justifying and Challenging State Violence. Journal of Peace Research.  ISSN 0022-3433.  50(3), s 431- 431
• Miklian, Jason (2013). Humanitarian business. Journal of Peace Research.  ISSN 0022-3433.  50(4), s 538- 539
• Miklian, Jason (2013). Twitter. Journal of Peace Research.  ISSN 0022-3433.  50(3), s 430- 430

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